Knee Replacement Surgery:
Advanced Options for Knee Arthritis

Knee replacement surgery, also called total knee replacement or knee arthroplasty, is a highly effective procedure for people with severe knee arthritis or damage. By replacing the worn joint surfaces with artificial components, knee replacement can significantly reduce pain, restore mobility, and improve quality of life.

What Is a Knee Replacement?

A knee replacement involves removing the damaged surfaces of the knee joint (thigh bone, shin bone, and sometimes kneecap) and replacing them with metal and plastic implants. The new joint mimics the natural motion of the knee, relieving pain and improving function.

Types of Knee Replacement

  • Total Knee Replacement (TKR): The entire joint surface is replaced, including both sides of the knee.
  • Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): Only the damaged compartment (inner, outer, or kneecap) is replaced, preserving more natural bone and ligaments.
  • Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement: Advanced technology assists in precise implant positioning tailored to individual anatomy.

Who Needs Knee Replacement?

Surgery may be recommended if you have:

  • Severe knee osteoarthritis causing constant pain
  • Loss of mobility and stiffness
  • Pain at rest or night pain affecting sleep
  • Difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or daily activities
  • No relief from non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, medications, or injections

Benefits of Knee Replacement

  • Significant pain relief
  • Improved mobility and independence
  • Better sleep and quality of life
  • Long-lasting results (implants often last 15–20 years or more)

How the Procedure Is Performed

  1. The patient is given anaesthetic (spinal or general)
  2. Incision is made at the front of the knee
  3. Damaged cartilage and bone are removed
  4. Metal implants are secured to the femur and tibia
  5. A plastic spacer is inserted to allow smooth motion
  6. The wound is closed with sutures or staples

The surgery usually takes 60–90 minutes. Many patients are walking with assistance the same day.

Recovery After Knee Replacement

Recovery is structured and supported by physiotherapy:

  • Hospital stay: 1–3 days
  • Walking: With a frame or crutches immediately after surgery
  • Physiotherapy: Daily exercises to restore movement and strength
  • Return to desk work: 3–6 weeks
  • Return to driving: 4–6 weeks (when safe)
  • Full recovery: 3–6 months for most patients, with improvements continuing up to 12 months

Risks and Complications

Knee replacement is safe and effective, but all surgery carries risks, including:

  • Infection
  • Blood clots (DVT)
  • Stiffness or scar tissue formation
  • Persistent pain
  • Implant wear or loosening over time
  • Nerve or vessel injury (rare)

When to See a Knee Specialist

If knee pain and stiffness limit your daily life and non-surgical treatments are no longer effective, it may be time to consider knee replacement surgery. A consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon can help determine the best treatment plan for your needs.

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